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J. M. YOUNG.

METALLIC BAKE AND BAKE BLANK.

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i PATENT 'erica JOHN M. YOUNG, OF BALDlVlNSVILLE, NEW YORK.

METALLIC RAKE AND RAKE-BLANK.

l SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters vPatent No. 277,529, dated May 15, 1883.

Application tiled January 9, 11883. (No uiodeLl To all whom t't may concern Be it known that I, JOHN M. YoUNG, ot' Baldwinsville, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Metallic Rakes and Rake-Head Blanks; and I do hereby declare that the following specification, taken in connection with the drawings furnished and forming a part ofthe same,is a clear, true, and complete description of the invention.

Myimproved rake-head blank has a branched or bow tang integral with the head. On blanks of this class integral teeth are also formed. Three methods of producing blanks and rakeheads of this class have heretofore been practiced,andthey constitute thesubje'cts ofUnited States Letters Patent heretofore issued. 1n Letters Patent No. 267,640, issued to me November 14, 1882, l disclosed a method otmanufacturing integral branched tangs on rakehead blanks invented by me, and the essence of said invention consisted in the development of integral tang-stubs at the center of a thickcned or widened portion of a piece ot' metal by means of rectangularcuts communicating with each other at or near the middle `ofthe metal,

one of said cuts being parallel with the length of the rake-head blank, and the other heilig at right angles to and midway of said parallel cut, thus forming two separate tang-stubs, integral with the head and projecting laterally therefrom, but toward cach other, and it is my novel blank, havin g the characteristics stated,

' that is now claimed by me as a specitcinvention. My improved rake has integral teeth, as heretofore, and anintegral branch or bow tang; but instead of welding the branches ot' said tang, so as to form one solid tang,as heretofore, I bring said. branches parallel with each other and leave them separated to serve as a divided tang for entering a handle, for the at, tainmentof certainimportantadvanta ges bereinafter fully set forth.

To more particularly describe my invention, I will refer to the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 and 2 illustrate one ot my blanks, respectively in sidel and top view. Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional views of the same on lines a: and y, respectively. Figs. 5 and 6 are, respectively, top and side views'of one of my blanks slightly moditied in form; Figs. 7

and S are sectional views ot the blank, Figs and 6, respectively on lines z and to. Figs. l) to 13 are similar views ot' another i slightlymodilied form of my blank. Fig. la is a top view of one ot' my improved rakes. Fig. 15 is a view ot said rake attached to a handle, the latter being shown partially in section.

Ot the several forms of blank shown I pret'er that illustrated in Figs. 1 toe, inclusive, in which the central upper portion of the bar projects laterally, as is full y described in my aforesaid Letters Patent. The two tang-stubs a are developed` by cutting through said projecting portion, but not quite from end to end thereof, as at b,in aline lengthwise of the blank, or parallel therewith,and also by cutting, as at c, nin a line rectangular to and comm'unicatingl with said cut b, the tang-stubs thus developed being integrally connected to the body of the blank, as at d, and projecting toward each other.

As will be seen bythe sectionalviews, Figs. 3 and 4:, the body ot' the blank is substantially rectangular, and the tang-stub, in section, is of such forni as would naturally result from the use ot' shear-cutters or wed ge-shaped cutters in making the communicating cuts b and c.

The blank shown in Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, dilfers from that alead y described only in that it has no spleciallyprojecting.central up.- per portion, into which the rectangular or coming said cuts with a shear or wedge cutter the tang-stubs c are at their ends naturally forced outwardly, as indicated in thedrawings.

While it is always desirable to obviate waste of metal,and therefore preferable to use shearcutters, my blanks may be obviously/otherwise formed by the use ot' saws for making the central communicating or rectangular cuts, in

ance-substantially as indicated in Figs. 9 to 12,inclusive. It will be seen that in this particular type ot' blank the tang-stubs may he readily bent outwardly and upwardly, as indicated in dotted lines, and that am ple stock re` bar of a rake-head. In Fig. 13 a blank in top view is shown, wherein the communicating saw-cutsb and-c are made in a laterally-projecting portion of the blank, thus forming tangstubs ot' considerable size or bulk ot' metal.

which case the blank would present am appear municating cuts b and c are made; but in makmains adjacent to thelong cut b for 'forming the IOO 2 j 2er-,7,529

The lower portions of these blanks below the dotted lines t, Figs. 1,6, and 10, are cut atintervals,in amannerwcll known, for developing integral stubs .from which the integral raketeeth are formed; but my present improvement does not relate thereto. The two-ends of the blank on each side of the tang-stubs may be variously drawn out and developed, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig.9, i'or inst-ance, without departure from this portion of my invention, which relates to the development of the integral tang-stubs by rectangular cuts at the Imiddle-'ot' Vthe blank, however said cuts may be made, and regardless of the particular form or proportions ot other portions of 'the blank. lt is well' known that rakes vary in y the length and the number of teeth, according to the uses intended-as, for instance, one-valriety of garden-rake contains twelve teeth three inches long, while a clam-digging rake ot'- the same weight of metal would have,"say, five teeth' six or eight inches long', and it is desirable to furnish as few sizes ot' blanks as possible, and to provide in each size for the development ot' the greatest possible variety ot' finished rakes therefrom, and therefore rakehead blanks areas desirableiu stock among rake-makers as blanks are known to be in other branches of metal-working. Blanks with the tang-stubs as shown maybe equally available for making rakes or farm-forks of various kinds, wherein a double or branched tang is.

desirable. The practical valueot' the integral branched or double tang for a rake-head, as

compared wit-h the single or ordinary tang, is generally conceded, and, so far as my knowledge extends, the stubs for such double tangs have been formed either by shearing or cutting the metal from each end ot' the blank toward the center, or by bending inwardly extensions ot metal provided for the purpose at each end of the4 blank, or by central rectangular cuts, as herein set forth, and as in my prior patent.

In working the blanks in the most practicable manner thc tang-stubs are first drawn out, and then the` tooth-stubs are cut, and as the metal is preferably steel it is obvious that undue heating `should be obviated in developing the tangs. y

It will be seen that my blanks can be placed with both tangs wholly exposed to a tuyereblast, and be properly heated Without liability ot' unduly heating other portions of theblank,

'and with a consequent saving of fuel, whereas a blank having tang-stubs which project. from near the middle of theblank toward each end thereof, as in prior rake-head blanks, must be wholly heated in order to properly heat the stubs; and with a blank asl heretofore made, having the tang-extensionsat each endthereof, each'end must be heated separately, or the entire blank heated.

It will also be seen that in' a blank having tang-stubs formed by the rectangular central communicating cuts there is no surplus metal -between the tangs, as is the case when the stubs are formed by cuts from each end of the blank toward the middle, thus enabling with my blanks desirable results, with a minimum weight of metal and the economy attendant thereon.

It will further be seen -that in bending the drawn tangs inwardly to form the bow-brace the metal at thejunction of each with the bar is subjected toless abrupt displacement in my blanks than is the case when the tang-stubs are developed by end cuts, as heretofore.l

It is also obvious that the tang-stubs of my blank may be simultaneously bent outward during the initial operation preparatory to drawing them out, because they project toward each other .and have their outer ends closely adjacent, thus affording a saving ot' time on each rake-head, which, in the aggregate of -a days product, results in substantial economic advantage.

It to be understood that the stubs on my rake-head blanks may be developed into a solid bow-brace tang by welding, if desired, as here totore; but my improved rake is novel, in that the two branches'of the bow-tang are not welded, but are left separate and parallel with each other, as shown and described in my prior patent.

So far as my knowledge extends, a separate integral branched or bow tang constitutingv a divided tang on metallic rakes or similar implements is a novel feature, and one of great practical value for the following reasons: First, such arake can be more rigidly and rmly connected to its handle than one with .the solid welded tang, because when used with a metallicwedge, as shown in Fig. 15, it is practically impossible to separate the rake and handle; secondly, the tangs being'each rectangular in cross-section and separated, as shown, a more extensive contact is had between the divided tang and the sides of the hole in the,

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therefore the liability of the rake to twist or turnin the handle'is reduced to a minimum; thirdly, the Ytwo parallel separate tan gs, operating as one divided tang within the handle, are stronger than a solid welded branch tang ofthe same weight of metal, because either or both of the two tangs can spring without be- 'ing set, whereas it' the solid welded tang be 'sprung or twisted it would be liable to remain in its twisted position 5 and, moreover, the divided tang, being of steel and not welded, is apt to be stronger .than it would be if welded solid, the liability of weakening steel by undue heating in welding being well known to persons skilled in-` the art of working steel. In addition to all of these advantages, the cost of labor and fuel incident to welding is obviated by me, enabling `my improved rakes to he produced morev economically than those having welded tangs.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The rakehead blank having at the middie tbereof the two central communicating cuts,

forming two integral tang-stubs, substantially as described.

integral with the rake-head, parallel witbi each 1o other, and. constituting a divided tang for entering a rake-handle7 as and for the purposes 2. The rake-head blank, substantially as specified. 5 hereinbefore described having a pair of intei gral tang-stubs Whichproject from the body JOHN M' YOUNG' of tbe blank toward each other, as set forth. Witnesses:

3. Theinnproved metallic rake,substantially PHILIP F. LARNER,

as bereinbefore described, having bow-tangs l HOWELL BARTLE. 

